对于违反进出口许可证管理制度的处罚规定(附英文)
海关总署 对对外贸易经济合作部
对于违反进出口许可证管理制度的处罚规定(附英文)
1989年1月25日,海关总署、对外经贸部
第一条 为了严肃处理违反进出口许可证管理制度的案件,保证进出口许可证管理制度的有效实施,依照《中华人民共和国海关法》、《中华人民共和国进口货物许可证管理制度暂行条例》和《中华人民共和国海关法行政处罚实施细则》,制定本规定。
第二条 伪造进、出口货物许可证,企图蒙混进口或出口货物的,没收货物,并处货物等值以下、百分之三十以上的罚款,情节严重的,依法追究刑事责任。
第三条 伪报进出口货物品名、规格等,借以逃避进口许可证管理的,没收货物,并处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款;借以逃避出口许可证管理的,没收货物,或责令退运,不准出口,并处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款。
将一般贸易项下实行进口许可证管理的商品伪报为来料加工、进料加工或以其他名义进口,借以逃避进口许可证管理的,没收货物,并处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款。
进口少报多进,出口少报多出许可证管理商品的,除没收多进或多出的货物(有溢短装规定的除外),并处有关货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款。
在非许可证管理商品中混藏许可证管理商品的,没收许可证管理商品,并处有关货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款。
第四条 涂改进口许可证品名、规格、数量、有效期等内容的,没收货物,并处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款;涂改出口许可证品名、规格、数量、有效期等内容的,没收货物,并处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款。
对非法冒用进出口许可证的,其进出口货物按前款规定处理。
第五条 申报进口属于许可证管理的商品,不能提交有关许可证的,没收货物或责令退运,如按海关规定期限补交进口许可证的,处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之五以上的罚款;申报出口属于许可证管理的商品,不能提交有关许可证的,没收货物或责令退运。
第六条 经海关同意具保放行,在规定期限内不能补交许可证,如属于无证进出口,骗取海关具保放行的,处没收货物或追缴货物等值价款,如属超期交验的,处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之五以上的罚款。
第七条 来料加工、进料加工合同项下进口的料、件和加工的成品、半成品,经主管部门批准转内销处理的,应视为一般进口货物,其中属于许可证管理的商品,应按规定补领进口许可证。不能补交进口许可证的,处货物等值以下,百分之十以上的罚款;未经主管部门批准擅自内销的,没收货物或追缴内销货物的等值价款,可以并处有关货物等值以下、百分之三十以上罚款,或者应缴税款三倍以下、一倍以上的罚款。 前款所涉及的料、件、成品、半成品,属于国家限制进口的机电产品的,按第八条规定处理。
第八条 来料加工、进料加工合同项下进口的国家限制进口的机电产品料、件和加工的成品、半成品,转为内销处理的,应视为一般进口货物,按规定补领进口许可证,不能补交进口许可证的,没收货物或追缴内销货物的等值价款,可以并处有关货物等值以下、百分之三十以上的罚款或者应缴税款三倍以下、一倍以上的罚款。
第九条 故意采取分签合同、分口岸或分批进口的方式,逃避许可证管理,证据确凿的,视情节分别按走私或违反海关监管规定论处。
以维修为名进口汽车、家用电器等国家限制进口商品的零配件,直接组装整车、整机证据确凿的,按前款规定处理。
第十条 对违反进出口许可证管理制度,进口高档消费品或国家限制进口的机电产品,出口国家紧缺物资的,从重处罚。
第十一条 对各级经贸管理部门违反规定的授权范围或不按进出口许可证管理制度规定签发的许可证,海关有权不予受理,有关货物不准进口或出口。
第十二条 对违反进出口许可证管理制度的其他行为,由海关按本规定的原则和其他有关规定处理。
第十三条 本规定所列行为构成走私罪的,应移送司法机关依法追究有关当事人的刑事责任。
第十四条 本规定自一九八九年二月一日起施行。
PROVISIONS FOR THE PUNISHMENT OF OFFENSES AGAINST THE IMPORT ANDEXPORT LICENCE CONTROL SYSTEM
(Promulgated on January 25, 1989)
Whole Doc.
Article 1
The Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Customs Law of
the People's Republic of China, the Interim Regulations of the People's
Republic of China on the Licence Control System for Import Goods, and the
Rules for the Implementation of Administrative Penalty under the Customs
Law of the People's Republic of China with a view to dealing seriously
with offenses against the import and export licence control system and
ensuring the effective implementation of this system.
Article 2
Any attempt to smuggle in or out goods through the forgery of import
or export licences shall be punished by confiscating the goods and a fine
equivalent to 30 percent or more of, but not more than, the value of the
goods; serious cases shall be dealt with by court in accordance with the
criminal law.
Article 3
Misreporting the names, specifications, etc. of import and export
goods in order to evade import licence control shall be punished by
confiscating the goods and a fine equivalent to at least 10 percent but no
more than 30 percent of the value of the goods; if the misreporting is
designed to evade export licence control, the goods shall be confiscated,
ordered to be returned or banned from export in addition to the aforesaid
fine.
Evading import licence control by misreporting goods under such
control as client-supplied or other materials being imported for
fulfilment of processing orders or in other names shall be punished by
confiscating the goods and a fine equivalent to at least 10 percent but no
more than 30 percent of the value of the goods.
Importing or exporting more licence-controlled goods than the amount
reported shall be punished by confiscating the goods in excess of the
reported amount (except those for which there are overflow or shortfall
provisions), together with a fine equivalent to at least 10 percent but no
more than 30 percent of the value of the said goods.
Concealing licence-controlled goods among goods not subject to
licence control shall be punished by confiscating the licence-controlled
goods and a fine equivalent to at least 10 percent but no more than 30
percent of the value of those goods.
Article 4
Altering the content, such as names, specifications, amounts or
periods of validity, of an import or export licence shall be punished by
confiscating the goods and a fine equivalent to at least 10 percent but no
more than 30 percent of the value of the goods.
In cases of illegally using the import or export licences issued to
others, the goods being imported or exported shall be dealt with in
accordance with the provisions of preceding clauses.
Article 5
In case of failure to produce the relevant licence in declaring
licence-controlled import goods, the goods shall be confiscated or ordered
to be shipped back, or, if the import licence is later submitted within
the time-limit set by Customs, a fine shall be imposed at an amount
equivalent to at least 5 percent but no more than 30 percent of the value
of the goods; in case of failure to produce the relevant licence in
declaring licence-controlled export goods, the goods shall be confiscated
or ordered to be shipped back.
Article 6
In case the goods are cleared by Customs through the signing of a
guaranty, but no licence is produced within the prescribed time-limit, the
goods shall be confiscated or an amount equivalent to the value of the
goods shall be paid as penalty, if the case proves to be a fraud because
there is no licence at all; or a fine equivalent to at least 5 percent but
no more than 30 percent of the value of the goods shall be imposed, if the
case proves to be one of delay and the licence is finally produced.
Article 7
When client-supplied and other materials and parts imported for
fulfilment of processing orders and the finished and semi-finished goods
produced therefrom are sold on the domestic market with the approval of
the competent authorities, they shall be regarded as ordinary imports and,
for those subject to licence control, import licences shall be submitted
retroactively in accordance with the relevant provisions. In case of
failure to produce the import licences, a fine equivalent to at least 10
percent of but no more than the value of the goods shall be imposed; in
case the sales are not approved by the competent authorities, the goods
shall be confiscated or an amount equivalent to the value of the goods
sold on the domestic market shall be paid as penalty, and a fine may be
imposed at the same time, which shall be equivalent to at least 30 percent
of but no more than the value of the goods or equivalent to at least 2
times but no more than 4 times the amount of the tax that should be paid.
If the aforesaid materials, parts, finished goods and semi-finished
goods are in the category of machinery and electrical appliances whose
import is restricted by the State, they shall be dealt with in accordance
with the provisions of Article 8.
Article 8
When client-supplied and other materials and parts imported for
fulfilment of processing orders and the finished and semi-finished goods
produced therefrom, which are in the category of machinery and electrical
appliances whose import is restricted by the State, are sold on the
domestic market, they shall be regarded as ordinary imports and import
licences shall be submitted retroactively in accordance with the relevant
provisions. In case of failure to produce the import licences, the goods
shall be confiscated or an amount equivalent to the value of the goods
sold on the domestic market shall be paid as penalty, and a fine may be
imposed at the same time, which shall be equivalent to at least 30 percent
of but no more than the value of the goods or equivalent to at least 2
times but no more than 4 times the amount of the tax that should be paid.
Article 9
Anyone who has been proved conclusively as having evaded licence
control by deliberately signing separate contracts or by importing goods
from different ports or in different instalments shall be penalized on the
merit of each case according to the provisions for the punishment of
smuggling or offenses against Customs supervision and control.
Anyone who has been proved conclusively to have imported parts and
components allegedly for the maintenance of motor vehicles or household
electrical appliances whose import is restricted by the State, and in fact
have used them to assemble complete motor vehicles or household electrical
appliances shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the
preceding paragraph.
Article 10
Anyone who has imported high-grade consumer goods or machinery or
electrical appliances whose import is restricted by the State, or has
exported materials in short supply in the country, in violation of the
import and export licence control system shall be punished severely.
Article 11
In case any licences are signed by foreign economic relations and
trade departments at various levels that have exceeded their prescribed
terms of reference or are inconformable to the import and export licence
control system, the Customs shall have the right to reject these licences
and forbid the import or export of the goods concerned.
Article 12
Other offenses against the import and export licence control system
shall be dealt with by the Customs in accordance with the principles of
these Provisions and other pertinent provisions.
Article 13
If any of the offenses listed in these Provisions constitutes a crime
of smuggling, the case shall be transferred to the judicial department
where the parties concerned shall be tried according to law.
Article 14
These Provisions shall come into effect on February 1, 1989.
国家经委、国家科委、财政部、中国专利局关于加强企业专利工作的规定
国家经委 国家科委 财政部 等
国家经委、国家科委、财政部、中国专利局关于加强企业专利工作的规定
1986年12月16日,国家经委、国家科委、财政部、中国专利局
《中华人民共和国专利法》实施以来,我国专利工作发展较快,已经有了一个良好的开端。但是,企业的专利工作还不能适应形势发展的需要。为了推动企业的技术进步,认真贯彻执行专利法应是企业改革的重要内容,特作如下规定:
一、保护专利权,建立健全企业专利管理工作
当前企业都在进行改革。改革的重要目的就是要更快地推动企业的技术进步,这样才有利于改进产品质量,降低物质消耗,不断实现产品更新换代,提高产品的竞争能力和出口创汇能力,提高经济效益。
我国制定和施行专利法,是用法律的、经济的手段推动技术进步的重要改革。关于第七个五年计划的报告指出“要认真贯彻执行专利法”,各企业都必须无例外地遵照执行,把保护专利权,建立企业的专利工作作为企业管理的改革内容。
保护专利权就是要承认发明创造是一种财产,专利法的核心就是要保护这种财产权。既要防止无偿占用他人的发明创造,又要反对阻碍技术进步的封锁保密,更要善于运用专利法保护自己合法的技术、经济权益。企业专利工作的建立和加强,有利于提高企业职工发明创造的积极性,有利于开发引进新技术,有利于改善经营管理,有利于保护自己的权益。
现在已有部分企业认识到专利工作的重要意义,建立了专利工作,得到了效益。但是,多数企业对实施专利法的意义和作用还缺乏认识,因而缺乏抓专利工作的自觉性和紧迫感,还不善于运用专利制度来应付面临的挑战,提高自己的竞争能力,因此,必须建立健全企业专利管理工作制度,使这种现象尽快改变。
二、对企业专利工作的要求
(一)把专利法作为企业普法教育的重要内容。企业领导要带头学习,在今后举办的企业厂长(经理)国家统考中,要增加专利法的内容。所有企业都必须在实际工作中严格遵守《中华人民共和国专利法》的各项规定,并自觉用专利法推动企业的技术进步。
(二)企业在研究开发新产品、新工艺及进行技术改造时应检索专利文献。首先应当检索我国的专利文献,以避免重复研究。在实施受我国专利法保护的发明创造时,应当事先得到专利权人的许可,签订合同,不得侵犯他人的专利权。要进入国际市场的产品,还应当进行国际专利文献的检索,力求有所创新,避免侵权。
(三)引进技术时必须进行法律状态的调查,查明该项技术是否是专利或有效专利。专利保护是有地域性、时间性的,不可能在任何国家有效,更不会永远有效。因此,涉及专利的技术引进查清其法律状况十分重要。过去由于缺乏专利知识,在引进技术中遇到专利权问题往往没有调查法律状况,把失效的专利,或根本不是专利的技术也当成有效的专利,造成不应有的经济损失。今后应当注意避免。
(四)适时组织本企业的专利申请和专利技术的实施。
企业的发明创造,经过“新颖性、创造性和实用性”的调查,凡符合专利法要求又应得到专利保护的,要及时提出专利申请。对发明创造项目申请专利的必要性、可能性以及申请的时机、国别等需要企业通盘的考虑,作出正确的判断和决策。
企业在依法申请专利和取得专利权后,应当积极组织专利技术的实施,或者许可他人实施,以取得最好的经济效益。
(五)充分运用专利情报信息。企业要注意监视国内外专利申请的动向,对有损于本企业权益的他人专利申请及时提出异议,或用无效程序排除不应授权的专利,对侵犯本企业专利权的行为要依据法律程序加以解决,企业应当注意利用包括专利文献在内的技术情报,引导科技人员和技术革新积极分子在吸收、消化现有技术的基础上,进行新的发明创造。在研究、开发过程中,根据专利信息,不断调查研究开发工作的方向和方案,并且研究专利对策。企业在制定发展目标,进行经营决策时,要利用专利文献所提供的技术、产品和市场信息,使企业的经营决策科学化,具有预见性和战略性,充分发挥专利信息在企业由单纯生产型转变为生产经营开拓型中的作用。
三、加强企业专利工作的措施
企业应有一名副厂长(经理)或总工程师主管专利工作。要对专利工作人员进行一定的业务培训,使之能胜任本职工作。
企业的专利工作应当制定长期规划和近期计划,并要有相应的规章制度和具体措施作为保证。
企业进行申请专利、维持专利权所需的费用,可以计入生产成本。
各级经济和科技管理部门尤其是企业的上级主管部门,应当会同有关专利管理机关,加强对企业专利工作的指导,将企业专利工作纳入议事日程,引导企业重视和加强专利工作人员的思想教育和业务培训,帮助他们解决工作、学习和生活中的困难。专利工作人员要提高从事专利工作的责任感和光荣感,努力为开创企业专利工作的新局面作出贡献。